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To: techdiver@opal.com
Subject: Computers versus tables
From: Geir Johannessen <Geir.Johannessen@bi*.ui*.no*>
Date: Tue, 12 Jul 1994 11:51:29 +0200 (MET DST)
(In rec.scuba or bit.listsev.scuba-l?) Jay Hack wrote an interesting 
posting on computer versus dive table safety. His interpretation of DANĀ“s 
data seems sound and interesting. His conclusion: it takes more negative 
factors to produce DCS for a diver relying on his computer than for 
someone relying on written tables.
Several replies to this posting argue that tables can be as safe and list 
all kinds of healthy precautions. As somebody else has pointed out 
already, that is besides the point. The main message is, provided that a 
diver (for whatever reason) accepts negative attributes, a computer diver 
is more likely to get away with it.
I have got one objection which goes past the statistical interpretation: 
Could it be that the negative attributes for table divers are 
underestimated? When somebody gets bent, there will always be a wish to 
avoid looking foolish. People lie (or "forget") about maximum depth and 
bottom time. The patient will be treated for symptoms anyway. The 
recompression facility does not really have to know your dive profile. 
However, the "adjusted records" mess up our much wanted feedback on the 
validity of tables. We are not going to flog anybody for having carried 
out a stupid dive - our only concern is: are the tables we use safe or 
will some entries have to be changed? 
As an example: Joe Diver goes to 200 feet for 15 min and skips most of 
his decompression. He gets bent. Upon recompression he is asked what kind 
of dive this was. He feels like a jerk and presents a nicer version: I 
dove to 130 feet for 15 min. Moreover, I decompressed according to my 
tables. I assume I am just one of the unlucky ones. He gets treated, no 
problem. But, we are left with a case that makes us doubt the safety of 
the 130 feet/ 15 min entry - here is somebody who did everything right 
and still he got hit. If Joe Diver had told us the true story, we would 
not have to doubt our tables. He would not be condemned for admitting his 
"sin" - in fact we would feel good about it since the truth would confirm 
the validity of our tables. So, the moral is: Do not lie about your dive. 
Physicians want to learn which table entries work and which do not. The 
doctor is there to try and fix you, not to fine you according to your 
violations.
Computer divers would like to tidy up their stories too. But, it is a lot 
harder. When that little gadget recalls the latest dive, maximum depth 
will be displayed as well as dive time. Some will recall the profile 
also. Negative attributes are much harder to conceal. In effect, computer 
divers will have to admit the true colors of their dive, while table 
divers can go on lying about it. 
In Norway bends victims are treated for free. No special insurance is 
needed. If the relevant U.S. insurance can be waived on the basis of 
gross negligence, that could be a reason for presenting a modified 
record. I do not know whether special terms apply and would appreciate 
some feedback. Will an off-color dive waive the insurance? If so, we all 
loose. The voluntary field-testing of tables, our best means of learning 
what they are worth, will be fraught with errors.

On the other hand, suppose the data is correct. What then, could be the 
explanation to an inherently higher risk for table dives? In general, a 
table dive is a square profile bounce dive. The computer diver will be 
more prone to choose a multi-level approach. Could it be that computer 
divers tend to have less provokative ascents? That is, in spite of other 
adverse factors the multi-level ascent will provide for a better 
decompression. In any event, provided there is a different risk factor, 
the reason should be sought in the profile. Physiology stays the same 
whether one is wearing a computer or not. I would suggest that 
multi-level ascents could be the answer. 
It would also be interesting to look into what kinds of negative 
attributes we are dealing with. As mentioned by others, there is no need 
to discuss why some divers accept stupid risks. But, it could be 
productive to look at the various factors and see whether there is a 
pattern to it. That is, do computer divers and table divers accept 
different risks? Could it be that computer divers pick up four subtle 
factors to get bent, while table divers go for two serious ones? If 
"excessive ascent rate" is listed for a computer dive, that dive will not 
provide the typical computer profile protection. On the other hand, if 
the unlucky computer divers have taken advantage of a gradual ascent, 
picking up their high INA score from other factors, my above argument is 
valid. That is: It takes several negative factors to contract DCS despite 
a healthy, shallow "tail" to ones dive profile. 
Also, I would like to see a distinction between presumably correct dives 
and violations. If the computer beeps on the surface, that is no computer 
dive - it is a case of missed decompression. The same goes for table 
dives. I am interested in dives that should have been OK, but turned out 
to be bad.

Hans-Petter Roverud

currently using Geir Johhannesen mail address

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